Thyroglobulin Plus Iodine Makes Thyroid Hormones

Thyroglobulin is a protein made by the thyroid gland under the influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone. The thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are produced when iodine is attached to thyroglobulin. The availability of iodine and selenium can affect thyroglobulin levels.

Thyroglobulin can leak into the blood when the thyroid gland becomes compromised due to inflammation, Hashimoto's, Graves', or other causes of thyroid dysfunction. 

Low levels of thyroglobulin are associated with thyroidectomy, thyroglobulin autoantibodies, and congenital hypothyroidism. Elevated thyroglobulin can be seen with cigarette smoking, iodine deficiency, Graves' disease, thyroiditis, and other thyroid dysfunction.

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