Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are lipid carriers responsible for transporting cholesterol and other compounds throughout the body. LDL cholesterol levels (LDL-C) can vary due to genetic factors and lifestyle, with small, dense LDL particles being more likely to contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Low LDL-C levels can increase the risk of all-cause mortality, elevated liver transaminases, malnutrition, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Conversely, high LDL-C is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, particularly when LDL is oxidized.
Therefore, assessing LDL-C alone is insufficient for evaluating cardiovascular risk, and other factors, including HDL-C, triglyceride levels, LDL particle size, and oxidation, should also be considered in a comprehensive health assessment.
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