Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) is the principal protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aiding in cholesterol processing, blood clotting moderation, and prostacyclin stabilization.
Low levels of Apo A-1 are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), diabetes, and kidney dysfunction. Certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking and excess intake of carbohydrates or polyunsaturated fats, along with certain medications, can decrease Apo A-1 levels. Conversely, high Apo A-1 levels are generally cardioprotective and can be increased through lifestyle changes like exercise and weight reduction, as well as certain medications.
High Apo A-1 levels are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic complications, and have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects. Apo A-1 levels serve as a more sensitive marker for identifying atherosclerosis and CVD than traditional lipid markers.
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